Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT) is one of the most rapidly expanding health care fields. As a medical laboratory technician, you will play an increasingly important role in health care delivery. The MLT Program provides extensive training, including supervised clinical internship. This program perpares highly compintent medical laboroty technologiest. This program provides students with both the therotical and clicnical experance in various ares of clicinal laborty science.
The BSMLT program aims to prepare the graduates who are expected to:
By the end of the BSMLT program, the graduates will have the following attributes:
Course Code | Course Name | Credit Hours | Pre Req |
---|---|---|---|
LT107 |
Biochemistry-I
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course involves the study of chemical and physio-chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. The course contents are biochemical composition and functions of cell membrane, chemistry of signals and receptors, structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, biochemical functions of vitamins, biochemical function of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, iodine and fluoride, composition and function of saliva, gastric juice, gastric acid(HCL), pancreatic juice, bile and intestinal secretion, digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals, body buffers and their mechanism of action, acid base regulation in human body, biochemical mechanisms for control of water and electrolyte balance, mechanism of action of hormones. Lab experiments related to basic biochemistry will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
3+1 | None |
LT102 |
Human Physiology-I
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course aims at providing a basic knowledge about function & regulation of the organ systems to maintain homeostasis. The course contents include functional organization of human body, mechanism of homeostasis, cell structure and its function, neuromuscular junction, functions of the endocrine glands, breathing mechanism, exchange and transport of respiratory gases, function of different part of Digestive system including liver, pancreas, kidneys, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, menstrual cycle and pregnancy and parturition. Lab experiments related to basic physiological techniques will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
3+1 | None |
LT103 |
Human Anatomy-I
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course is focuses at providing a basic understanding of the structures of human body. It includes musculoskeletal system and it classification, axial and appendicular skeleton, and classification of bones and their development, region and function, general concept of ossification of bones and their blood supply, joints and their structural regional and functional classification, thoracic cavity and its organs, abdominal cavity its structures and pelvis along with their muscles, nerve supply, lymph drainage and actions and special senses, lab demonstrations of human anatomy using models, charts and videos. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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3+1 | None |
SS104 |
English-I
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course aims at learning word order, identification of phrases, sentence structure and paragraph writing. It focuses on understanding English sentence structure to help the students achieve proficiency in language use, develop listening skills, improve reading efficiency and build up vocabulary. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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3+0 | None |
SS108 |
Islamic Studies
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is aimed to provide basic information about Islamic Studies; to enhance understanding of the learners regarding Islamic Civilization. The course masters the skill of the learners to understand issues related to faith and religious life. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+0 | None |
CS100 |
Introduction to computing
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course aims to introduce students to basic computing concepts. The major topics Computer and Window XP/7; MS Office 2007 (Word, Excel, PowerPoint); Internet access and different data bases available on the internet; Email. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | None |
Course Code | Course Name | Credit Hours | Pre Req |
---|---|---|---|
LT117 |
Biochemistry-II
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course involves the study of chemical and physio-chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. The course contents are biochemical composition and functions of cell membrane, chemistry of signals and receptors, structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, biochemical functions of vitamins, biochemical function of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, iodine and fluoride, composition and function of saliva, gastric juice, gastric acid(HCL), pancreatic juice, bile and intestinal secretion, digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals, body buffers and their mechanism of action, acid base regulation in human body, biochemical mechanisms for control of water and electrolyte balance, mechanism of action of hormones. Lab experiments related to basic biochemistry will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
3+1 | LT107 |
LT112 |
Human Physiology-II
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course creates an understanding about the function & regulation of the human body along with integration of the organ systems. It includes physiology of nervous system, cranial nerves, functions of somatic motor nervous system and autonomic nervous system, resting membrane potential and an action potential, functions of the specialized sense organs: eye, ear , smell ,taste and speech, physiology of cardiovascular system , blood, the Physiology of Pulmonary Systemic Circulation, the function of lymphatic system including lymphatic organs, classification and physiology of Immune system and role of lymphocyte in immunity regulation. Students will be able to perform lab experiments related to basic physiological techniques. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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3+1 | LT102 |
LT113 |
Human Anatomy-II
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This Course involves the study of Anatomical structure and position of Human bones, muscles and nerves. Course content include upper limb, lower limb, head and neck, endocrine system and its related glands and hormones. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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3+1 | LT103 |
SS203 |
English-II
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course aims to enhance students’ linguistic command so they can communicate effectively in diversified sociocultural situations and identify as well as repair any instances of potential communication break-up. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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3+0 | SS104 |
SS118 |
Pak Studies
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course aims to develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics, contemporary Pakistan, ideological background of Pakistan. The course makes the students aware from Pakistan and with foreign policy, their social and political rights to make them good citizens. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+0 | None |
LT207 |
Medical Microbiology-I
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description Course involves the study of cellular structure of microorganisms with particular emphasis on the classification, growth and metabolism of Bacteria and Fungi. Course contents include sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis, structure and function of prokaryotic cell, normal microbial flora of human body, mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis, host parasite interaction, immune response to infection, and introduction to fungi, fungal characteristic, morphology, structure, replication and classification, mechanism of fungal pathogenesis. Lab experiments. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | None |
Course Code | Course Name | Credit Hours | Pre Req |
---|---|---|---|
LT201 |
General Pathology-I
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course concentrates on identifying the fundamental causes and mechanisms of disease, and the associated alterations in the structure. The course contents include Introduction to pathology, Cell injury, Cellular adaptation, Acute & Chronic Inflammation, Cell Repair & Wound Healing, Regeneration & Repair, Hemodynamic is orders, Edema, Hemorrhage, Thrombosis, Embolism, Infarction & Hyperemia, Shock, compensatory mechanism of shock, possible consequences of thrombosis & difference between arterial & venous emboli, Neoplasia, Dysplasia, benign and malignant neoplasms, metastasis. The course related lab experiments will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT202 |
General Pharmacology-I
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course provides a basic insight into the principles of general pharmacology, which involves the basic aspects of sources of drugs. Course contents include route of administration of drugs, absorption of drugs and factors affecting them, distribution, bio-transformation and excretion. Lab practical. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
SS211 |
English-III
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course aims at augmenting students’ proficiency in technical writing in order to sensitize them to the dynamics, challenges and needs of the modern world characterized by technologically advanced social, cultural and corporate settings. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
3+0 | SS203 |
LT203 |
Clinical Bacteriology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course involves the study of medically important bacteria; understanding the environmental and clinical importance of bacteria. The course contents are introduction to clinical bacteriology, sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis, structure and function of prokaryotic cell, difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, bacterial growth and metabolism, bacterial classification, normal microbial flora of human body, mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis, host parasite interaction, immune response to infection, gram positive and negative cocci, gram positive and negative rods, gram negative cocco-bacilli, Nocardia and Actinomyces, Mycobacteria, Spirochete, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia and Chlamydia, minor bacterial pathogen. Lab experiments. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT204 |
Hematology-I
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course involves the study of composition, physiology, diseases related to blood and its components. The course contents are introduction to hematology, physiology of blood and composition, structure and function of bone marrow, blood formation, factors governing hematopoiesis, hemoglobin structure, synthesis and function, complete blood count, anemia and its classification, hemolysis, WBC disorders, leukemia its etiology, pathogenesis and its classification, leukocytosis, leukopenia, hemostasis its mechanism, function of platelets and coagulation factors, coagulation cascade, quantitative and qualitative disorder of platelets. Lab experiments related to basic hematological tests will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | None |
LT205 |
Human Genetics
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description Human Genetics course encompasses on the principles of heredity, evolution and gene mapping. The course contents include cell cycle, introduction to gene, locus, alleles and their traits, types of mutations, loss & gain of function, modes of inheritance, recurrence risk, and obligate carriers. X chromosome inactivation, formation of bar bodies, variable expression, population genetics, and cytogenetic analysis. Lab work associated with techniques involved in genetics. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | None |
SS211 |
Communication Skills
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course aims to enhance students’ linguistic command so they can communicate effectively in diversified sociocultural situations and identify as well as repair any instances of potential communication break-up. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
3+0 | SS104 |
LT217 |
Medical Microbiology-II
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course focuses on pathogenic microorganisms including viruses & parasites. The course contents include biosafety levels, control of hospital infection, biomedical waste management, introduction to virology, Viral morphology, structure, replication and classification, general properties of virus, pathogenesis and control of virus, introduction to parasitology, Parasite (protozoan and helminths) morphology and classification, general principal of pathogenesis, immunology and diagnosis of parasitic infection. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | LT207 |
Course Code | Course Name | Credit Hours | Pre Req |
---|---|---|---|
LT220 |
General Pharmacology-II
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to focus on two main areas of pharmacology which are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. In broad terms, pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | LT201 |
LT211 |
General Pathology-II
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding of the systemic diseases. The course content includes Health effects of climate change, toxicity of chemical and physical agents, general principles of microbial pathogenesis, agents of bioterrorism, systemic diseases: Cardiovascular disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, nephrotic syndrome, renal stone, hydro nephrosis, aphthous ulcer, gastritis, peptic ulcer, hemorrhoid, jaundice, liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, cholecystitis, urinary tract infections, arthritis, facial palsy. Lab experiments related to diagnosis of systemic diseases will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | LT202 |
LT212 |
RBC Disorders
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding of red blood cell and its disorders. Its contents include metabolism of iron, G6PD, Vitamin B12 and folate and their role in blood cell formation, Anemia and its different types and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Lab experiments to characterize red blood cell disorders. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | None |
LT213 |
Clinical Virology and Mycology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course focuses on the biology of viruses, fungi and their associated diseases. Course contents are introduction to clinical mycology, introduction to fungi, fungal characteristic, morphology, structure, replication and classification, mechanism of fungal pathogenesis, growth and isolation of fungi, laboratory approaches to diagnose fungal infection, clinical categorization of fungal infections, superficial mycoses, cutaneous mycosis, subcutaneous mycoses, systemic mycoses and opportunistic fungi, introduction to clinical virology, Viral morphology, structure, replication and classification, general properties of virus, pathogenesis and control of virus, DNA viruses (envelop and non-envelop), RNA viruses (envelop and non-envelop), Hepatitis viruses, arboviruses, tumor viruses, slow viruses and Prions, minor viral pathogens. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT214 |
Chemical Pathology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course aims to provide an understanding about the basic pathology and diagnostic procedures in medical chemistry. It includes synthesis, function and clinical significance of urea, uric acid and creatinine, determination of lipids in blood, cortical hormone, sex hormone, diabetes, thyroid hormones, vitamin D and calcium and their associated diseases. Tumor markers: alpha feto-protein, CEA, HCG, CA, PSA, CA 125, phenylketonuria, aminoaciduria, glycogen storage disease, malabsorption syndrome, renal function tests and liver function tests. The lab experiments related with the respective topics will also be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT215 |
Behavioral Sciences
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding in behavioral science provide students with fundamental knowledge of the subject. The course contents include introduction to behavioral sciences and its importance in health: bio-psycho-social model of health care and the systems approach, normality vs abnormality, importance of behavioral sciences in health, desirable attitudes in health professionals understanding behavior & personality, intelligence, emotions, motivation, learning, stress and stressors, life events, stress, management, interviewing / psychosocial history taking, allied health ethics-hippocratic oath, culture and allied health practice, psychological reactions, breaking bad news, pain, sleep, consciousness. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+0 | None |
LT216 |
Hematology-II
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding of blood cells and their roles in body. Contents are metabolism of iron, G6PD, vitamin B12 and folate and their role in blood cell formation. The changes in cell shape, size and diseases, anemia and its different types, blood grouping system, cross match, HTR and HDN. Lab experiments related to basic hematological tests will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | LT204 |
Course Code | Course Name | Credit Hours | Pre Req |
---|---|---|---|
LT301 |
WBC and Platelets Disorders
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding the mechanisms behind formation of white blood cells and platelets in bone marrow of human body. Course contents are leucopoiesis, leukemia and its different types based on diagnosis of leukemia, hemostasis, platelets, coagulation and platelets related diseases. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT302 |
Histopathology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course introduces students with the basic concepts and techniques in Histopathology. The course contents include reception and fixation of biopsy, fixatives, gross examination, processing of tissues, steps in processing, embedding and cutting of sections, microtome & tissue sectioning techniques, floating water bath, decalcification of bone, knife sharpener, H & E staining, frozen sections, cryostat, PAS: stain, Congo red stain, oil red stain, Zeihl nelsen, giemsa and reticulocytes stain. Lab practicals related to techniques in histopathology will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
MT210 | Biostatistics | 3+0 | MB105 |
LT304 |
Clinical Parasitology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course is designed to develop an understanding and identification of human parasites of medical significance. It includes an Introduction to clinical parasitology, general principal of pathogenesis, immunology and diagnosis of parasitic infection, Protozoan: sporozoa, Rhizopods , Flagellates , metazoan: Intestinal nematodes ,Tissue nematode, Cestode and Trematode . On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | None |
LT305 |
Clinical Pathology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course aims to develop understanding of the clinical and diagnostic aspects of systemic diseases. The course contents include urine: physical, chemical and microscopic composition of urine. Faeces: Physical, chemical and microscopic composition of faeces, Cerebrospinal fluid: Physical, chemical and microscopic composition of CSF. Aspiration fluids: physical, chemical and microscopic composition of ascetic, pleural, pericardial and synovial fluids. Semen analysis: physical, chemical and microscopic composition of seminal fluid and urinary calculi. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | None |
LT306 |
Biotechnology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding of using and manipulating different technologies for the welfare of mankind using the principles of biology, medicine and science. The course contents are introduction and scope, green revolution, restriction and modification system, properties of restriction endonucleases, their occurrence and recognition sequences, practical uses of endonucleases, DNA sequencing, PCR: its application and primer designing, labeling methods of probes, construction of genomic libraries, important enzymes production, vaccine production, genetic engineering for better animal production, cloning, herbicide resistant crops, Petro plants and bioremediation. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
3+0 | None |
Course Code | Course Name | Credit Hours | Pre Req |
---|---|---|---|
LT307 |
Medical Laboratory Instrumentation
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The purpose of the course to provide the basic knowledge of medical instrumentation used in clinical laboratory. Course content will include understanding the basic principle, procedure, calibration and maintenance of microscope, colorimeter, photometer, flame photometer, water bath, centrifuge, balance, incubator, pH meter, vertex mixer, oven, water still, deionizer, safety cabinet, electrophoresis assembly, thermo-cycler, chromatography, spectroscopy, flow cytometry, hematology analyzer, blood bank instruments and radiometric system. Related lab practicals will also be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT346 |
Bioinformatics
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course covers the basic concept employed in the field of bioinformatics. The main topics included are biological databases, common data retrieval computer programs like NCBI, coding sequences, and bioinformatics applications, genome database and human genome project, protein identification, complimentary sequence generation, Structure of proteins and application of bioinformatics. Course related lab experiments will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
1+2 | None |
LT309 |
Immunology & Serology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course introduces the concepts of immunology and serology for clinical laboratory practice. Course content will include introduction to human immunity, major histocompatibility complex & transplantation, complement, antigen–antibody reactions in the laboratory, hypersensitivity (Allergy), tolerance & autoimmune disease, tumor Immunity, immunodeficiency, introduction to serology, introduction to serology, reactions in serology, serology of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. The course provides students with knowledge required to perform different serological techniques used in disease diagnosis. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
SS401 | Research Methodology and Professional Ethics | 3+0 | None |
LT311 |
Blood Banking
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description This course focuses on the basic principles involved in clinical blood banking. The course includes introduction to blood banking, immunoglobulin, structure, different type of immunoglobulin, Ag-Ab reactions, requirements of a standard blood bank, preparation of basic reagents, different anticoagulant use in blood bank, ABO and other group system, donor selection criteria, blood products, preparation, storage and its importance, hem vigilance in blood banking, types, procedure and importance of cross match, anti-human globulin test, quality control of AHG, preparation and importance of check cells, HTR and HDN, internal & external quality control, internal quality control. Related lab practicals will also be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT312 |
Advances in Medical Laboratory Technology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to make the students capable and understand the basic knowledge of special techniques used in clinical laboratory. Course content will include FISH (Fluorescence in-situ hybridization) technique, Radio immuno-assay, ELISA, western, southern and northern blotting techniques, types of PCR techniques, DNA sequencing, and aphaeresis techniques in blood banking, HPLC and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Lab experiments related to instruments and their application will be discussed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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1+2 | None |
Course Code | Course Name | Credit Hours | Pre Req |
---|---|---|---|
LT401 |
Medical Laboratory Management Skills
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding of basic lab management skills. The course include introduction to quality, laboratory design, safety management program, personal protective equipment, equipment selection, implementing an equipment maintenance program and documentation, storage of supplies, sample management, the laboratory handbook, collection, preservation and sample storage, sample transport, control materials and their value range ,Interpreting quality control data, certification and accreditation, personnel, recruitment and orientation, competency and competency assessment, customer service, occurrence management and standard operating procedures (SOPs). Course related lab experiments will also be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT402 | Fundamentals of Infection Control | 1+1 | None |
LT403 |
Molecular Biology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course concentrates on understanding the mechanisms of biological systems at the molecular level. Course content include central dogma of molecular biology, DNA as genetic material double helical structure of DNA, nucleotides, nucleosides, nitrogenous bases, DNA replication; origin of replication, replication mechanism, enzymes involved in replication, differences in replication of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, concept of gene; genes, alleles, one gene on enzyme theory, introduction to RNA; mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, SiRNA, transcription; transcription in prokaryotes, transcription in eukaryotes, translation; translation in prokaryotes, translation in eukaryotes, DNA repair. Lab experiments related to basic molecular techniques will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT404 |
Epidemiology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in different human populations and the application of methods to improve disease outcomes. The course contents are introduction to epidemiology, determinants: primary and secondary, clinical epidemiology, occupational epidemiology, importance of epidemiology, definitions of common terms related to epidemiology, health indication. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+0 | None |
LT405 |
Systemic Diagnostic Bacteriology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course provides the conceptual basis for diagnosing essential parameters involved in bacterial pathogenesis. The course content includes Introduction to diagnostic bacteriology, Collection, preservation, transport and processing of clinical specimens, detailed study of different methods of antibiotic susceptibility tests: beta lactamase detection, MRSA detection, antibiotic assay in blood and body fluids, biochemical test used for the Identification of bacteria, sterilization, storage of different types of media, quality control in media preparation, cultivation of bacteria, Inoculation methods, incubation methods, morphological study of bacterial colonies on plated media, anaerobic culture methods with recent advances. Lab practicasl based on aforementioned techniques will be performed. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
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2+1 | None |
LT410 | Cytology and Cytogenetics | 2+1 | None |
Course Code | Course Name | Credit Hours | Pre Req |
---|---|---|---|
LT499 | Research Project | 0+6 | None |
LT490 | Seminar | 1+0 | None |
LT408 |
Medical Sociology
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description The course is designed to develop an understanding on Medical Sociology which provides an introductory overview of the social facets of health, disease, illness, and the organization/delivery of medical care and health care. Course contents include definition and scope of Islamic, medical sociology, introduction to, health and disease, , patient and paramedic, paramedics view of disease and patient, method in rehabilitation: Guidance counseling and vocational training, social disorganization, introduction to applied sociology, definition of applied sociology, nature and causative analysis of social problem and the role of sociologist in solving social problems, application of social research in social problems social service and social research, nature purpose and function. Lab practicals related to sociological theories, concepts will be done. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
2+1 | None |
LT409 |
Bioethics
Course Description and CLOsCourse Description Bioethics considers the ethical principles and values relevant to life, and their application to the use of technology (particularly medical technology) to maintain, extend, and even produce human life. Course contents are ethical conduct, relationship with patient, surgeon, physician, nurse, social workers and co-workers, preparation and uses of records, report, physical plant, equipment, implementation and confirmation of the rules of professional context and understanding, the paramedic liability and obligations in the case of medico legal action, a wider knowledge of ethics relating to current social and medical policy in the paramedic society as a professional association, the role of international health agencies such as world health organization. On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
|
1+1 | None |